The legal framework
Contraception is free at public health centres, with the National Family Planning Board coordinating services. Adolescents can access services, and confidentiality is a stated policy of the public system. Access barriers are practical rather than legal: distance, stock-outs, provider attitudes and, for young people, fear of being recognised.
Key points
| Cost | Free or subsidised in public facilities |
|---|---|
| Methods | Condoms, pills, injectables, implants, IUDs and sterilisation |
| Emergency contraception | Available in pharmacies and public facilities |
| Spousal consent | Not legally required, though often requested in practice |
| Adolescents | Entitled to services; national policies increasingly explicit about this |
| Community distribution | Community health workers supply condoms and pills locally |
| Free at public clinics | Through the National Family Planning Board network |
| Age of consent to services | Providers may supply contraception to adolescents, with safeguarding duties |
| Long-acting methods | Available at health centres, with periodic supply constraints |
In practice
- Ask about long-acting methods — implants and IUDs are the most effective and often the cheapest over time.
- Check contraindications: smoking over 35, migraine with aura and a history of clots rule out combined methods.
- Keep emergency contraception at home; the sooner it is taken, the better it works.
- Only condoms also protect against sexually transmitted infections.
- Go to a health centre rather than a hospital: family planning services are based there.
- Ask about implants and intrauterine devices if you want long-term cover.
Cost and coverage
Free or low cost in the public sector; NGO clinics charge modest fees.
Recent changes
Regional partnerships have driven a measurable increase in the use of modern methods, with long-acting implants accounting for much of the growth.
Where to go
- Public health centres and district hospitals.
- National family planning association affiliated to IPPF.
- Community health workers and mobile outreach services.
Worth knowing
If a provider insists on a husband's or parent's consent, that is a local practice rather than a legal rule in almost all of these countries. Asking for the facility in charge, or going to an NGO clinic, usually resolves it. Providers have mandatory reporting duties where a client is below the age of consent to sex. Ask about confidentiality limits before disclosing details.
Official sources and links
- World Health Organization — international reference on this topic
- WHO Regional Office for Africa — country data and programmes