The legal framework
Ghana incorporated two years of kindergarten, for children aged four to six, into free compulsory basic education, giving the country one of the highest pre-primary enrolment rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Below that age, crèches and day care are private and concentrated in urban areas, registered with the Department of Social Welfare. Extended family remains the main arrangement for infants.
The pattern in Ghana is the same as across the region: something exists from around four, almost nothing below three. Families plan around that gap with grandmothers, older relatives or paid help, and the cost of that arrangement is invisible because it falls on women inside the household.
Quality between private centres varies far more than price does. The questions that actually distinguish them are concrete: how many children per adult, how long the staff have been there, whether there is a shaded outdoor space, what the procedure is when a child is hurt, and whether the centre will let you visit unannounced.
Employing someone at home is an employment relationship governed by law, not a favour. Written terms, agreed hours, the applicable minimum wage and social security registration protect both sides — and an arrangement that is fair tends to be the one that lasts.
Key points
| Pre-primary | Public or publicly supported provision, coverage varying by area |
|---|---|
| Under 3 | Little or no institutional provision; family care and private day care |
| Private sector | Crèches and nurseries, concentrated in Accra and Kumasi |
| Oversight | Ghana Education Service for kindergarten; Department of Social Welfare for crèches |
| Support | No general childcare allowance; tax relief or subsidy only where noted |
| Domestic help | Widely used, and covered by national labour law |
In practice
- Ask at the local government school whether a pre-primary or early childhood class is attached to it.
- Visit any private centre unannounced, count the children per adult and look at the outdoor space.
- Ask to see the registration or licence, and what happens if a child is injured.
- If you employ someone at home, put the terms in writing and comply with the applicable labour law.
- Plan for the long holidays, when most private centres close.
Cost and coverage
Public pre-primary, where it exists, is free or nearly free; uniforms, materials and the parent association levy still have to be budgeted. Private provision costs around GHS 300 to 2,000 a month in urban private crèches and nurseries. A domestic worker employed for childcare must be paid at least the applicable minimum wage, with the social security contributions required by national law.
Recent changes
Kindergarten's inclusion in free basic education has produced enrolment levels well above the regional average, and attention has shifted to quality and teacher training.
Where to go
- Ghana Education Service for kindergarten; Department of Social Welfare for crèches
- Local education office, for public pre-primary provision
- Registered private crèches and nurseries in Accra and Kumasi
- Community and faith-based early childhood centres
- Labour department, for the rules on employing a domestic worker
Worth knowing
Private crèches should be registered with the Department of Social Welfare; many are not, and registration is worth asking about.
Frequently asked questions
Is there public childcare for babies?
No. Public provision begins at pre-primary age; below three, families rely on relatives or private day care.
What does private provision cost?
Around GHS 300 to 2,000 a month in urban private crèches and nurseries, plus registration fees and materials.
What should I check before enrolling?
Registration or licence, the number of children per adult, staff turnover, safety arrangements and whether you may visit unannounced.
Can I employ someone at home?
Yes, under national labour law: written terms, the applicable minimum wage and the required social security registration.
Official sources and links
- Ghana.gov — official government portal